As we know, suction catheters are used to remove secretions such as mucus, saliva, blood, or other fluids from a patient's airway, trachea, or lungs. Understanding how it works will improve our grasp of this kind of product, which in turn helps a lot if you are concerned for a person with problems that need to be solved with a suction catheter.   What Is a Suction Catheter   A suction catheter is a medical device used to remove secretions such as mucus, saliva, blood, or other fluids from a patient's airway, trachea, or lungs to help them breathe more easily. It is typically a long, flexible tube inserted into the airway via the mouth, nose, or through a tracheostomy tube.     Different Types of Suction Catheters   Suction catheters are available in various types, each designed for specific purposes and patient needs. Different types of suction catheters are described below.   1) Flexible Suction Catheter   Description: A soft, flexible tube that can be inserted deeper into the trachea or bronchial tree.   Usage: Often used for patients with endotracheal or tracheostomy tubes. It is inserted into the trachea to remove secretions from the lower airways.   Advantages: The flexibility allows it to navigate the airway more easily and reach deeper into the lungs.   2) Coude Tip Suction Catheter   Description: A flexible suction catheter with a slightly angled or curved tip.   Usage: Designed to access specific areas of the airway, particularly the left mainstem bronchus, which can be difficult to reach with a standard straight catheter.   Advantages: The angled tip allows for more targeted suctioning, especially in difficult-to-reach areas.   3) Whistle Tip Suction Catheter   Description: A catheter with a side hole near the tip, reducing the risk of trauma during suctioning.   Usage: Used in patients with delicate airway tissues or when a gentler suction is needed.   Advantages: The design minimizes the chance of mucosal damage, making it safer for patients with sensitive airways.   If you want to see how an actual catheter of this type looks like, refer to the picture below from Hangzhou Bever Medical Device Co., Ltd.   4) Argyle Suction Catheter   Description: A flexible catheter with multiple eyes (holes) at the tip.   Usage: Typically used for suctioning secretions from the trachea and bronchial tree.   Advantages: The multiple eyes help ensure consistent suctioning and reduce the risk of tissue adherence and trauma.   5) Silicone Suction Catheter   Description: Made from soft silicone, this catheter is more pliable and less likely to cause trauma to the airway tissues.   Usage: Used for patients with sensitive airways or when repeated suctioning is necessary.   Advantages: The soft material is gentle on the tissues, reducing the risk of irritation or damage.   How Does a Suction Catheter Work   A suction catheter works by removing fluids, secretions, or debris from a patient's airway to help maintain clear breathing. A suction catheter helps keep the airway clear of obstructions that can impede breathing, providing essential respiratory support for patients in various medical settings, from emergency care to post-surgical recovery and intensive care.   The steps below shows how it works.   1) Connection to Suction Machine   The suction catheter is connected to a suction machine or a wall-mounted suction unit. This machine generates negative pressure, creating a vacuum that helps draw out fluids from the body.   2) Insertion into the Airway   The suction catheter, typically made of flexible material, is gently inserted into the patient’s airway, either through the mouth, nose, or a tracheostomy tube (if applicable). For deeper suctioning, it can be introduced into the trachea or bronchial passages.   Care must be taken to avoid trauma to the airway during insertion.   3) Application of Suction   Once the catheter reaches the desired location, suction is applied by covering a small control valve or hole (often called a "thumb port") on the catheter or suction line. This action creates a vacuum at the catheter’s tip, allowing it to pull out secretions.   The catheter is gently rotated or withdrawn slowly to collect secretions without causing airway injury.   4) Collection of Secretions   As the catheter suctions fluids, they are transported through the catheter tubing and into a collection chamber attached to the suction machine. This chamber holds the removed mucus, blood, saliva, or other fluids for disposal.   5) Removal and Cleaning   After the suctioning procedure, the catheter is removed carefully from the airway. In cases where the catheter is disposable, it is discarded after use. Reusable catheters, however, must be cleaned and sterilized before the next use.   The airway is evaluated to ensure it is clear, and additional suctioning may be performed if needed.   6) Maintaining Oxygenation   If the patient is on oxygen or a ventilator, suctioning may briefly interrupt the flow of oxygen. For this reason, closed suction systems or techniques like hyperoxygenation before suctioning are used to minimize oxygen loss, especially in critically ill patients.   How to Use a Suction Catheter   Preparation   Gather Supplies   Suction catheter (correct size for the patient)   Suction machine or wall-mounted suction unit   Sterile gloves   Sterile water or saline (for lubricating and cleaning the catheter)   Suction tubing   Collection canister (connected to the suction unit)   Personal protective equipment (PPE), including mask and goggles (if required)   Set Up the Suction Machine   Connect the suction catheter tubing to the suction machine or wall unit.   Ensure the suction unit is working and set the pressure to a safe range:   Adults: 100–150 mmHg   Children: 100–120 mmHg   Infants: 80–100 mmHg   Preterm neonates: 60–80 mmHg   Ensure Sterility   Wash your hands and put on sterile gloves.   If using an open suction system, maintain sterility of the suction catheter by handling only the proximal end (the part that connects to the tubing).   Position the Patient   Position the patient in a semi-Fowler's or upright position to help facilitate easier access to the airway and to optimize lung expansion.   If the patient is unconscious or cannot sit upright, lateral positioning or head tilt may be used.   Pre-Oxygenation (if necessary)   For patients on oxygen or a ventilator, consider giving them supplemental oxygen for 30–60 seconds before suctioning to prevent oxygen desaturation.   Suctioning Process   Insert the Suction Catheter   Gently insert the suction catheter into the patient's airway (nose, mouth, or tracheostomy) without applying suction yet.   If suctioning the trachea, advance the catheter carefully until you feel resistance (about 10-15 cm for adults), then withdraw slightly before applying suction.   Apply Suction   Apply suction by covering the control port or valve on the catheter while slowly withdrawing the catheter.   Rotate the catheter between your fingers as you pull it out to ensure all areas of the airway are reached.   Limit suctioning to 10-15 seconds per pass to reduce the risk of hypoxia (oxygen deprivation).   Clear the Catheter   After each suction pass, clear the catheter by dipping it into sterile water or saline and applying suction to rinse out any mucus or secretions trapped inside.   If necessary, repeat the process of suctioning and clearing until the airway is clear of secretions.   Monitor the Patient   Throughout the process, observe the patient for signs of distress, oxygen desaturation, or changes in vital signs.   Stop suctioning immediately if the patient shows any signs of discomfort, respiratory distress, or bradycardia (slow heart rate).   Post-Suctioning Care   Reassess the Patient   Check the patient’s respiratory status, including oxygen saturation levels, breath sounds, and overall comfort.   Administer supplemental oxygen if required to help the patient recover from the suctioning procedure.   Clean and Dispose of Equipment   If the catheter is single-use, discard it immediately in a biohazard waste container.   If using a reusable suction catheter, clean it with sterile water and follow sterilization procedures according to your facility’s protocols.   Document the Procedure   Document the procedure, including the number of suction passes, the patient’s response, the type and amount of secretions removed, and any complications.   Conclusion   We hope this article explains clearly how a suction catheter works. By knowing how it works, people interested in suction catheters will be more informed on how to make it provide optimal medical benefits. If you want to delve into this product, you can visit a website such as this one: www.bevermedical.com.

In humans, the trachea refers to the tube extending from the larynx to the bronchi. It is important for conveying air to and from the lungs. An endotracheal tube (ETT) is a flexible plastic tube that is inserted into a patient's trachea through the mouth or nose. This article discusses endotracheal tube types.  Use of an endotracheal tube An endotracheal tube maintains an open airway and facilitates ventilation (The endotracheal tube can be connected to a ventilator. A ventilator is a medical device designed to replace spontaneous breathing in patients who are unable to breathe adequately on their own). The endotracheal tube doesn’t always have to be used with a ventilator, for instance, in a bronchoscopy procedure, the patient can be allowed to breathe spontaneously, and the doctor will insert an endotracheal tube into the patient's trachea through the mouth or nose to secure an open airway for the passage of the instruments. The following illustrates what an ETT is. Endotracheal tube types There are various types of endotracheal tubes. Common types of ETT are discussed as follows. 1. Type classification based on where the ETT is inserted A. An oral endotracheal tube is inserted into the trachea through the mouth. It is typically made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or other flexible, durable materials. It has a cuff, which is an inflatable balloon near the distal tip of the tube. When inflated, it seals the trachea to prevent air leaks and protect against aspiration. It has markings that indicate the insertion depth and position within the trachea. B. The primary difference of a nasal endotracheal tube from an oral one is that it is inserted into the trachea through the nose rather than the mouth. It allows oral access and keeps the mouth free for surgeries, dental work, or other procedures. 2. Type classification based on material  A. Rubber endotracheal tube: this type of tube is relatively hard and less flexible, so there is a risk of damaging the nasal passages, vocal cords, or tracheal mucosa during insertion. B. PVC endotracheal tube: it is softened by the warmth of the upper respiratory tract, which helps ease tube passage.  C. Silicone endotracheal tube has flexibility, which reduces friction with mucosal tissues and lowers the risk of injury. 3. Type classification based on function A. Double-lumen endotracheal tube has two separate lumens, one for each lung. This allows independent ventilation of the right and left lungs. Double-lumen endotracheal tube is typically used in: 1) Thoracic surgery to facilitate lung isolation to operate on one lung while maintaining ventilation in the other. 2) Lung protection, namely to prevent contamination of healthy lung tissue during procedures on diseased lungs. B. Irrigatable endotracheal tube has an irrigation port that introduces sterile solutions to wash away secretions. It also has a drainage channel that directs secretions out of the airway. Its benefits include reducing the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia and maintaining airway hygiene in critically ill patients. Irrigatable endotracheal tube has applications such as: 1) When used in critical care, the tube minimizes the accumulation of secretions in patients requiring prolonged ventilation. 2) When used in infection control, it helps prevent respiratory infections by maintaining cleanliness within the airway. C. Reinforced (armored) endotracheal tubes: this type of tube contains a spiral wire or plastic coil embedded in the tube wall. The benefits are being flexible and resistant to kinking. Its applications are as follows. 1) Used to provide a stable airway during procedures that require significant head or neck positioning, for instance in head and neck surgery. 2) Used in patients requiring extended ventilation support to prevent tube obstruction. D. Standard endotracheal tube is designed for general airway management during anesthesia, critical care, and emergencies. It has the following features:  1) A single channel for air passage. 2) Its cuff is an inflatable balloon near the distal tip of the tube. When inflated, it seals the trachea to prevent air leaks and protect against aspiration. The uncuffed version is suitable for children aged 5 and below or for cases where the inner diameter of the tube is less than 5.5mm. The following is an illustrative image of cuffed and uncuffed endotracheal tubes. Cuffed and uncuffed endotracheal tubes from Bever Medical Devices  3) Murphy Eye is a side hole near the distal end to ensure airflow even if the main opening is blocked. The standard endotracheal tube has the following applications. 1) When a patient is under anesthesia, the use of the tube provides a secure airway during surgical procedures. 2) It can be used in critical situations such as respiratory failure or cardiac arrest, to provide an open airway. 3) It can be connected to a ventilator to support breathing in intensive care units. Concluding comments Each endotracheal tube type offers unique features to meet specific clinical needs. Healthcare providers choose the appropriate endotracheal tube type for individual patient situations to maintain safe and effective airway patency.  There are other medical devices designed for airway patency purposes too, for example, nasopharyngeal airways. When you are considering the kind of products that are used for airway patency management you can think of endotracheal tubes and nasopharyngeal airways. The nasopharyngeal airway is a flexible tube typically made of soft plastic or rubber. It is inserted through a nostril and extends into the nasopharynx. It is useful in cases where the tongue or soft tissues obstruct the pharynx. The following image shows a typical nasopharyngeal airway. Nasopharyngeal airway from Bever Medical Devices.

It is essential to avoid inserting the suction catheter too deeply to prevent trauma and discomfort, while ensuring it's inserted far enough to effectively clear secretions. Below are guidelines for how far to insert suction catheter in different suctioning situations.     1) Endotracheal Tube Suctioning   Insertion Depth: The catheter should be inserted until mild resistance is felt, which indicates it is near or just above the carina (the point where the trachea divides into the left and right bronchi). Once resistance is felt, withdraw the catheter slightly (1–2 cm) before applying suction.   Avoid forceful insertion beyond the point of resistance to prevent trauma to the bronchial walls.   2) Tracheostomy Suctioning   Insertion Depth: The catheter is typically inserted to a depth that matches the length of the tracheostomy tube. Many tracheostomy tubes have a specific depth guideline (marked in centimeters) to ensure safe suctioning. If resistance is encountered, slightly withdraw the catheter before applying suction.   Measure the catheter length against the tracheostomy tube to prevent over-insertion. For most adult patients, suctioning should not extend into the bronchi unless medically indicated.   3) Nasopharyngeal or Oropharyngeal Suctioning   Insertion Depth: For nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal suctioning (through the nose or mouth), insert the catheter until it reaches the back of the throat. In oropharyngeal suctioning, you usually insert until the patient coughs or gags slightly.   Ensure the catheter doesn't go deeper than necessary to avoid stimulating the gag reflex excessively or causing trauma to the mucosal lining.   4) General Guidelines   Catheter Size: Ensure the catheter size is appropriate for the patient. For example, in children and infants, use smaller-sized catheters (typically measured in French gauge). The size affects how far and easily the catheter can be inserted. Therefore in the next section we explain how to determine suction catheter size.   How to Determine Suction Catheter Size   Suction Catheter Size   Let’s first understand the term “suction catheter size”. “suction catheter size” refers to suction catheter diameter, measured in French gauge (Fr).   The suction catheter diameter is typically measured in French gauge (Fr). The French gauge system is used to specify the catheter's outer diameter, where one French gauge unit is equal to 1/3 mm in diameter.   A. French Gauge to Diameter Conversion   1 Fr = 1/3 mm in diameter Diameter (mm) = French gauge (Fr) ÷ 3   B. Example Conversions 8 Fr = 8 ÷ 3 = 2.67 mm 12 Fr = 12 ÷ 3 = 4 mm 14 Fr = 14 ÷ 3 = 4.67 mm   C. Common Suction Catheter Sizes and Their Diameters   1) Small Sizes (e.g., for neonates and infants)   5 Fr: Diameter of approximately 1.67 mm (using formula: Diameter (mm) = French gauge (Fr) ÷ 3. Same formula is used in below calculations.)   6 Fr: Diameter of approximately 2 mm   8 Fr: Diameter of approximately 2.67 mm   2) Medium Sizes (e.g., for children):   10 Fr: Diameter of approximately 3.33 mm   12 Fr: Diameter of approximately 4 mm   3) Larger Sizes (e.g., for adults):   14 Fr: Diameter of approximately 4.67 mm   16 Fr: Diameter of approximately 5.33 mm   D. Choosing the Appropriate Diameter   Neonates and Infants: Smaller diameters (5–8 Fr) are used to avoid trauma to delicate airways.   Children: Medium diameters (8–10 Fr) are suitable for their larger airways but still require gentle suctioning.   Adults: Larger diameters (10–16 Fr) are often used for effective suctioning of thicker secretions.   How to Determine Suction Catheter Size Correctly   Suction catheter sizes are typically measured in French Gauge (Fr), where a larger number indicates a wider catheter diameter. In the passages below we discuss how to determine the correct size.   1) Endotracheal or Tracheostomy Tube Suctioning   To determine the size of the suction catheter for a patient with an endotracheal tube (ETT) or tracheostomy tube, a common rule is that the catheter's outer diameter should be less than half the inner diameter of the tube. This prevents the catheter from completely blocking the airway during suctioning, allowing airflow and oxygenation.   2) Age-Based Suction Catheter Sizing   In pediatric and neonatal patients, suction catheter size is often determined based on age or weight, as smaller catheters are required to prevent trauma to the delicate airways.   A. Neonates: 5–6 Fr   B. Infants: 6–8 Fr   C. Children: 8–10 Fr   D. Adults: 12–16 Fr   In general, Smaller patients (neonates and infants) require catheters between 5–8 Fr; Larger pediatric patients and adults typically require catheters between 10–16 Fr.   3) Clinical Context and Secretion Type   The thickness and volume of secretions also play a role in catheter size selection.   A. Thick Secretions: Larger catheters (12–16 Fr) may be needed to clear thicker or more viscous secretions.   B. Thin Secretions: Smaller catheters (6–10 Fr) are generally effective for thinner secretions.   4) Closed Suction Systems   When using a closed suction catheter (in-line suctioning) with a ventilator, catheter size should still be based on the endotracheal tube’s inner diameter, using the same formula. Closed systems often come in predetermined sizes (e.g., 10 Fr or 12 Fr), which match standard ETT sizes.   5) General Guidelines for Catheter Selection   A. Adults (General Use): 12–16 Fr   B. Children (Pediatrics): 8–10 Fr   C. Infants: 6–8 Fr   D. Neonates: 5–6 Fr

What is a Suction Catheter?   A soft suction catheter is a medical device used to remove fluids, secretions, or other substances from the body by suction. It typically consists of a flexible tube (the catheter) that is connected to a suction source, such as a vacuum pump or suction machine.   Suction catheters have many applications. In this article we are focused on the application of it to help patients experiencing respiratory issues.   A suction catheter used for removing fluids, secretions, or other substances from the respiratory tract plays a crucial role in medical care, particularly for patients experiencing respiratory issues.   When the respiratory tract becomes clogged with mucus, sputum, or other secretions, these substances can impede normal breathing processes, leading to difficulties in breathing, hypoxemia, and other serious problems. In such cases, the use of suction catheters becomes imperative.   The suction catheter is then gently inserted into the patient's respiratory tract, and the negative pressure is applied to aspirate the mucus or secretions.     Types of Suction Catheters   1) Whistle Tip Suction Catheter   Key Feature: Side-opening tip that minimizes airway trauma by preventing direct suction at the catheter’s distal end.   Applications: Used in endotracheal and tracheostomy suctioning, particularly in sensitive airway scenarios like neonatal and pediatric care or post-surgical recovery.   2) Yankauer Suction Catheter   Key Feature: A rigid, curved catheter with a large, rounded tip and multiple openings, designed for oral and oropharyngeal suctioning.   Applications: Common in surgeries and emergency situations for suctioning fluids (blood, mucus, etc.) from the mouth and throat.   3) Coude Tip Suction Catheter   Key Feature: Angled or curved tip designed for precise suctioning in specific areas of the airway, such as the left or right bronchus.   Applications: Ideal for targeted suctioning in areas that are harder to reach, particularly in patients with tracheostomy or endotracheal tubes.   4) Closed Suction Catheter (In-Line Suction Catheter)   Key Feature: Enclosed in a sterile sheath that remains attached to the ventilator, allowing suctioning without disconnecting the patient from the ventilator.   Applications: Used in ICU and critical care settings for continuous ventilation while suctioning, reducing infection risk and maintaining lung volume.   5) Open Suction Catheter   Key Feature: A standard, flexible suction catheter used in open suction systems where the ventilator is temporarily disconnected for suctioning.   Applications: Commonly used for tracheal and endotracheal suctioning in routine airway clearance.   Whistle Tip Suction Catheter and Its Applications   What is a Whistle Tip Suction Catheter?   The whistle tip suction catheter gets its name because its tip resembles the shape of a whistle. The catheter has a side-opening near the distal end, which functions similarly to the opening in a whistle. This design allows suction to be applied through the side port rather than directly from the end, reducing the risk of airway trauma by preventing direct suction against the walls of the trachea or bronchi.   The side hole creates a safer and more controlled suction mechanism, and the resemblance to a whistle in terms of structure is why it’s called a Whistle Tip Suction Catheter.   Therefore the suction catheter whistle tip is its key design characteristic.   Whistle Tip Suction Catheter Applications   A Whistle Tip Suction Catheter is most often used to safely and effectively remove respiratory secretions (like mucus, saliva, or blood) from a patient's airway in situations where the airway is sensitive or at risk of trauma. Its characteristic application is in the following situations.   1) Pediatric and Neonatal Suctioning   The Whistle Tip's gentler design makes it ideal for neonates and pediatric patients, whose airways are more delicate. The side-opening reduces the risk of airway trauma, which is especially important in these vulnerable populations.   2) Used for Airway Clearance after Surgeries   After surgeries, especially in the post-anesthesia recovery period, patients often need airway clearance due to the buildup of mucus. The whistle tip suction catheter is used to carefully suction secretions without irritating the airway tissues.   3) Used in ICU Settings   In ICU settings, it is used regularly in mechanically ventilated patients to keep the airways free of obstructions caused by secretions, ensuring continuous airflow and proper oxygenation.   4) Used in Patients with Endotracheal Tubes or Tracheostomy Tubes   The catheter is frequently used in patients with endotracheal tubes or tracheostomy tubes to clear secretions from the trachea and lower airways. This is vital for preventing airway obstructions and maintaining adequate ventilation.

A suction catheter is a medical device used to clear mucus, secretions, or other fluids from a patient's airway to ensure proper breathing. This procedure is commonly performed in hospitals, particularly for patients with respiratory issues or those who are on ventilators. In this article we share with you a general guide on how to use a suction catheter safely and effectively.     Types of Suction Catheters   Suction catheters are classified into two main types.   1) Open Suction Catheter   This type is generally used for intermittent suctioning in patients who are not connected to mechanical ventilation. It requires sterile technique and is a single-use device.   For more technical descriptions of suction catheters such as specifications, you can visit such experienced manufacturers as Hangzhou Bever Medical Device Co., Ltd. (www.bevermedical.com).   2) Closed Suction Catheter   Used primarily for patients on mechanical ventilation, this catheter is enclosed in a plastic sheath that keeps the system sterile between uses, allowing for multiple uses without disconnection from the ventilator.   Materials Needed   To perform suctioning, we’ll need the following supplies.   Suction catheter (open or closed system)   Suction tubing and suction machine   Sterile gloves (for open suction)   Sterile saline solution (for flushing the catheter)   Personal protective equipment (mask, goggles)   A pulse oximeter (optional, to monitor oxygen levels)   Procedure for Open Suction Catheter   1) Prepare the Patient   Ensure the patient is in a comfortable position, ideally semi-upright, to make airway access easier.   Explain the procedure to the patient, as it may cause discomfort or coughing.   If necessary, provide oxygen before starting, especially if the patient has low oxygen levels.   2) Hand Hygiene and PPE   Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water or use hand sanitizer.   Put on gloves, mask, and goggles to protect against exposure to secretions.   3) Set up the Suction Machine   Connect the suction tubing to the machine, ensuring the suction pressure is set appropriately. For adults, the suction pressure is typically between 80-120 mmHg. Too high a pressure can damage the airway lining.   4) Insert the Catheter   Hold the catheter in one hand and the suction control valve in the other (usually located at the proximal end of the catheter).   Gently insert the catheter into the patient’s nose, mouth, or tracheostomy tube without applying suction. Guide the catheter down the airway until resistance is felt or the patient coughs, signaling that you’ve reached the lower airway or where secretions are present.   5) Apply Suction   Begin suctioning by covering the control valve with your thumb and gently withdraw the catheter while rotating it to collect secretions.   Be careful not to suction for more than 10-15 seconds at a time, as prolonged suctioning can cause oxygen deprivation.   6) Rinse and Repeat   If needed, rinse the catheter with sterile saline by suctioning some of the solution through the tubing to clear mucus build-up.   If the patient requires additional suctioning, allow them to rest between attempts and ensure adequate oxygenation before repeating the process.   7) Discard the Catheter   After use, safely discard the catheter and gloves, and perform hand hygiene again.   Procedure for Closed Suction Catheter   The closed suction catheter is used in patients who are on mechanical ventilation, and its use allows for continuous connection to the ventilator without disconnection.   1) Explain the Procedure   Even though the patient may be on a ventilator, it’s important to explain the procedure to conscious patients, as suctioning can cause discomfort or coughing.   2) Set up Suction and Ventilation   Check that the suction tubing is securely attached to the closed suction system and that suction pressure is set to an appropriate level (80-120 mmHg).   Increase the oxygen concentration or pre-oxygenate the patient to prevent a drop in oxygen levels during the procedure.   3) Insert the Catheter   The closed suction catheter is housed inside a clear, protective sheath connected directly to the ventilator circuit. Push the catheter into the airway through the ventilator tube.   As you advance the catheter, observe the patient’s response. Advance it until you feel slight resistance (this is the carina, where the trachea branches into the lungs), or until secretions are reached.   4) Suction and Withdraw   Apply suction by pressing the button or covering the suction control valve.   Withdraw the catheter while rotating it slightly to ensure secretions are effectively removed.   Suctioning should not exceed 10-15 seconds to avoid causing airway trauma or hypoxia.   5) Clean the Catheter   After suctioning, flush the catheter with sterile saline to clear any remaining mucus.   The catheter can remain in the closed system for future use, as it remains sterile within the sheath.   6) Monitor the Patient   Always monitor the patient’s oxygen levels, heart rate, and respiratory status during and after the procedure.   Reoxygenate the patient if necessary, and adjust the ventilator settings back to their previous levels.   Safety Considerations   Limit Suction Time: Suctioning should never last more than 10-15 seconds per attempt to avoid causing hypoxia (low oxygen levels).   Suction Pressure: Ensure the suction pressure is set between 80-120 mmHg for adults. Too high a pressure can cause tissue damage to the airway.   Monitor Patient’s Response: Watch for signs of distress, such as rapid breathing, drop in oxygen saturation, or abnormal heart rate.   Maintain Sterility: When using an open suction catheter, maintain sterile technique to reduce the risk of introducing infections. For closed systems, ensure the catheter remains inside the sheath when not in use.   How to Use Closed Suction Catheter and How to Use Inline Suction Catheter   Closed suction catheter refers to the type of catheter that remains within a protective sheath, allowing for multiple uses without exposure to the external environment. This system is used primarily in mechanically ventilated patients.   Inline suction catheter is essentially a closed suction catheter that is directly connected to the ventilator circuit, allowing for suctioning without disconnection from the ventilator.   The above description of how to use suction catheter is general, which means that it has taken into consideration closed suction catheters and inline suction catheters. The general nature of the article on how to use a suction catheter means that the article provides answers to how to use closed suction catheters and to how to use inline suction catheters.   In the article, the section titled "Procedure for Closed Suction Catheter" covers the steps involved in using closed suction catheters and inline suction catheters.   Comments Welcomed   We will be glad if this article gives you some useful information about suction catheters and how they are used. Please give us your suggestions, comments or feedbacks if you have any.

For those who are acquainted with endotracheal tubes, there might be a desire to see some elaboration on cuffed and uncuffed endotracheal tubes. In this article we would like to share with you descriptions of these two types of endotracheal tubes.   As we know, an endotracheal tube is a flexible plastic tube that is inserted into the trachea (see definition below) through the mouth or nose. It can be used for maintaining airway patency, and is also useful to facilitate mechanical ventilation (see definition below).   Notes:   1) The trachea is the tube in humans extending from the larynx to the bronchi. It is the principal passage for conveying air to and from the lungs; it is also called the windpipe.   2) Mechanical ventilation: If the patient cannot breathe on their own, he/she will need to use a ventilator. The ventilator is a machine that moves breathable air in and out of the lungs.   The insertion of an endotracheal tube   Cuffed endotracheal tube   1) What is a cuffed endotracheal tube?   Cuffed endotracheal tube has an inflatable cuff near the end. The cuff is an inflatable balloon around the end of the tube. Made from silicone or rubber, the cuff, when inflated, presses tightly against the inner wall of the trachea, creating a seal that prevents leakage of air and other substances.   2) Applications where the cuffed endotracheal tube is used   A. During mechanical ventilation where the patient is ventilated with a high airway pressure, the cuffed endotracheal tube is the preferred type over the uncuffed type.   B. If the patient requires long period of ventilation, this is also the preferred type. The reason is that the cuff when inflated provides an effective seal and stability.   C. During laparoscopic surgery and cardiothoracic surgery, the seal between the trachea and tube is supposed to be high and effective, therefore cuffed endotracheal tube is preferred in both procedures. Besides, the use of cuffed endotracheal tube provides better benefits for monitoring respiratory mechanics (you can monitor it more accurately). Moreover, it reduces the loss of volatile drugs, thus helping to lower anesthetic costs.   3) Disadvantages of the Cuffed endotracheal tube   As you can see from section about the application of cuffed type of tube, this type’s advantages are apparent. So here we discuss its disadvantages.   A. Cuffed endotracheal tube has a relatively complicated structure. The insertion and removal of it take certain level of skill.   B. You need to be able to precisely control the extent to which the cuff is inflated otherwise over-inflation will cause damage to the tracheal wall.   C. If used in children under 8 there is a significant risk of damaging the laryngeal part or the tracheal mucosa.   Uncuffed endotracheal tube   1) What is an Uncuffed endotracheal tube?   An uncuffed endotracheal tube does not have a cuff. Its tube shape and diameter adapt to the trachea and is thus able to create a seal between the tube and the trachea. Due to its structural simplicity, the uncuffed endotracheal tube is easier to insert and remove.   2) Applications where uncuffed endotracheal tube is used   A. Infants and young children, especially those under the age of 8, traditionally have smaller and more delicate airways that can be easily damaged by a cuff. This is reason for use of this type of endotracheal tube. Besides, their cricoid cartilage often acts as a natural seal, making an artificial cuff unnecessary.   B. It is used in procedures or situations where intubation is expected to be brief. It is also used in situations where mechanical ventilation pressures are not high.   C. Uncuffed endotracheal tube is suitable for emergency tracheal intubation, for instance, we use an uncuffed endotracheal tube in emergency situations such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation because it is a convenient tool easier to insert and remove.   3) Disadvantages of uncuffed endotracheal tube   A. There may not be an effective seal between the tube and the trachea, resulting in leakage.   B. If the patient needs to undergo mechanical ventilation for a long period or if he/she needs to be ventilated with high airway pressure, the uncuffed endotracheal tube is not the suitable tube to be used.   To give you a vivid idea of these two different types of endotracheal tubes, please refer to the following image. If you are interested in specifications and other information about them, you can visit website: www.bevermedical.com   Cuffed and uncuffed endotracheal tubes from Bever Medical Devices   Recent trends   People are becoming more skillful in handling the cuff to avoid its negative effects. The cuff design is improving. The improved design of the cuffed tube minimizes pressure on the tracheal wall while providing an effective seal. So there is an increasing use of cuffed tubes in Pediatrics.   Important notes   As you can see from the above, cuffed and uncuffed endotracheal tubes have their respective advantages and disadvantages. They are selected to be used in situations where they are suitable, based on factors such as conditions of the patient, needs of surgery or treatment, experience and skills of the medical personnel. The applications of these two types of endotracheal tubes will be optimized and enhanced as medical technologies advance and research intensifies.